If you had been using an external raid storage system chances are that they are in ext3 or ext4 (linux), the most easy way to diagnose them is to download a linux image and put it on a usb stick, i can recommend linux mint or ubuntu but any will do it fine
if it is indeed a filesystem problem then you can try using a more advanced linux distribution like kali, but be aware that you need command line to verify and repair them
https://linuxacademy.com/blog/linux/ntfs-partition-repair-and-recovery-in-linux/